Laminitis is a serious and common disease of the hoof. Although it is rarely fatal, in serious cases the horse is put down either for humane reasons (the horse is in pain and permanently crippled) or economic reasons (the horse can no longer be used for its intended purpose). Such cases of euthanasia are sufficiently common that laminitis is the second most common cause (after colic) of premature death in domestic horses.
The term 'laminitis' refers to damage to the 'laminae', which is the connective tissues between the hoof bone (also known as the pedal bone) and the hoof wall. In mild cases of laminitis this tissue becomes inflamed and starts to break down. In more severe cases this connective tissue is sufficiently damaged that the hoof bone separates partly or completely from the hoof wall, rotating and sinking within the hoof. In extreme cases, the bone will actually penetrate the sole of the hoof. As the bone moves, it may also tear blood vessels and other tissues. Longer term, the damage to the hoof can result in permanent damage to the hoof growth and repair mechanisms, resulting in abnormal growth (e.g. flat or convex sole, rings in hoof wall, separation between hoof wall and sole).
The term 'founder' is associated with laminitis but can be used in several different senses. Some people use founder as the lay term for laminitis, while others use it to describe the more serious forms of laminitis (e.g. when the pedal bone penetrates the sole).
There are two main sources of damage to the laminae, leading to laminitis. One is toxins, which enter the blood and travel to the laminae, where they cause inflammation and tissue breakdown. The other is mechanical, where the laminae is damaged due to repeated shocks to the hoof (e.g. from running or jumping on hard surfaces).
Excessively rich feed results in changes to the bacteria population in the digestive system, causing the release of toxins by the bacteria. It occurs when a horse has too much carbohydrates or nitrogen, either from excessive amounts of rich feed (e.g. grain) or lush pasture. Pasture is most likely to be excessively rich in spring, when rain follows a drought, or if it has been fertilized. As some breeds (in particular, ponies) are more sensitive than others, one should take special care with sensitive breeds to restrict the amount of rich food and to keep them off rich pasture. Alternatively, one can put them on pasture for a limited time but use a grazing muzzle to restrict the amount they eat.
For both competition horses and pleasure horses, one should try to avoid working them on hard ground, as the repeated shocks can cause mechanical damage to the laminae. When travelling over hard surfaces, try reducing the pace as there is less shock when walking than when running. Shock absorbency can be improved by correct trimming, especially avoid trimming for long toes or over-trimming. Ensure that shoeing is done by a competent professional, if the horse is shoed. Consider the use of shock absorbing shoes (they have a rubber component) or shock absorbing boots, both of which are being increasing used, even during professional competitions.
The third major cause of laminitis is toxins which are unrelated to overly rich feed. This includes toxins which are ingested (e.g. through moldy hay, or grass which has been treated with herbicides) or toxins which are produced due to an infection within the horse. Ensure that food does not contain fungus, mold or chemicals. Ensure that any infections are promptly and aggressively treated, before they can result in toxin overload leading to laminitis. - 29953
The term 'laminitis' refers to damage to the 'laminae', which is the connective tissues between the hoof bone (also known as the pedal bone) and the hoof wall. In mild cases of laminitis this tissue becomes inflamed and starts to break down. In more severe cases this connective tissue is sufficiently damaged that the hoof bone separates partly or completely from the hoof wall, rotating and sinking within the hoof. In extreme cases, the bone will actually penetrate the sole of the hoof. As the bone moves, it may also tear blood vessels and other tissues. Longer term, the damage to the hoof can result in permanent damage to the hoof growth and repair mechanisms, resulting in abnormal growth (e.g. flat or convex sole, rings in hoof wall, separation between hoof wall and sole).
The term 'founder' is associated with laminitis but can be used in several different senses. Some people use founder as the lay term for laminitis, while others use it to describe the more serious forms of laminitis (e.g. when the pedal bone penetrates the sole).
There are two main sources of damage to the laminae, leading to laminitis. One is toxins, which enter the blood and travel to the laminae, where they cause inflammation and tissue breakdown. The other is mechanical, where the laminae is damaged due to repeated shocks to the hoof (e.g. from running or jumping on hard surfaces).
Excessively rich feed results in changes to the bacteria population in the digestive system, causing the release of toxins by the bacteria. It occurs when a horse has too much carbohydrates or nitrogen, either from excessive amounts of rich feed (e.g. grain) or lush pasture. Pasture is most likely to be excessively rich in spring, when rain follows a drought, or if it has been fertilized. As some breeds (in particular, ponies) are more sensitive than others, one should take special care with sensitive breeds to restrict the amount of rich food and to keep them off rich pasture. Alternatively, one can put them on pasture for a limited time but use a grazing muzzle to restrict the amount they eat.
For both competition horses and pleasure horses, one should try to avoid working them on hard ground, as the repeated shocks can cause mechanical damage to the laminae. When travelling over hard surfaces, try reducing the pace as there is less shock when walking than when running. Shock absorbency can be improved by correct trimming, especially avoid trimming for long toes or over-trimming. Ensure that shoeing is done by a competent professional, if the horse is shoed. Consider the use of shock absorbing shoes (they have a rubber component) or shock absorbing boots, both of which are being increasing used, even during professional competitions.
The third major cause of laminitis is toxins which are unrelated to overly rich feed. This includes toxins which are ingested (e.g. through moldy hay, or grass which has been treated with herbicides) or toxins which are produced due to an infection within the horse. Ensure that food does not contain fungus, mold or chemicals. Ensure that any infections are promptly and aggressively treated, before they can result in toxin overload leading to laminitis. - 29953
